Ethical dog breeding takes a tremendous amount of time, planning, and effort. The entire process spans six months: two months of preparation, two months of pregnancy, and two months of raising the puppies.
I begin by revisiting essential veterinary literature to ensure I am fully prepared. A foundational text is Canine Reproduction and Neonatology by Marthina L. Greer (2014), which provides comprehensive guidance on breeding, pregnancy, and neonatal care. To supplement my knowledge, I also reference:
Harris, B. J. F. (2008). Breeding a Litter: The Complete Book of Prenatal and Postnatal Care. Howell Book House.
Rice, D. (2008). The Complete Book of Dog Breeding. Barron's Educational Series.
Savant-Harris, M. (2011). Puppy Intensive Care: A Breeder's Guide to Care of Newborn Puppies. Dogwise Publishing.
Noakes, D. E. (2009). Veterinary Reproduction & Obstetrics (9th ed.). Saunders.
England, G., & von Heimendahl, A. (2010). BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Reproduction and Neonatology. BSAVA.
Additionally, Revival Animal Health offers excellent free webinars on YouTube featuring Dr. Marty Greer, a leading expert in canine reproduction.
Approximately two weeks before the dam’s heat cycle, I screen the dam and sire for brucellosis. On the first day of her heat cycle, I schedule a reproductive veterinary appointment for day seven to conduct a pre-breeding exam and vaginal cytology. I also initiate progesterone level testing to determine ovulation accurately. Once ovulation occurs, I proceed with breeding on three consecutive days.
Given the strong reputation of Spiegel Bird Dogs, most litters have a waitlist. Once the breeding is completed, I accept eight deposits to secure homes for the expected puppies.
The first sign of pregnancy typically appears between weeks three and five, when the dam may experience morning sickness, sometimes skipping meals or even vomiting. Fortunately, I have not yet encountered a case severe enough to require veterinary intervention. By week five, her appetite increases noticeably.
As the pregnancy progresses, physical changes become evident. Around day 45, I can feel the puppies moving inside the dam, an experience that never ceases to amaze me. Between days 55 and 61, I conduct X-rays to assess fetal development, position, and litter size. Knowing the ovulation date from progesterone testing allows for the precise timing of these X-rays.
Ensuring all necessary supplies are on hand before whelping is critical. I maintain an organized system that includes the following:
Prenatal Breeding Program Supplies:
Breeder's Edge Oxy Mate prenatal supplement (started on the first day of the dam’s heat cycle)
Magnabox whelping box with protective rails, impervious to liquids and easy to sanitize
Peepeego waterproof rug (54” x 54”) for secure grip and easy cleaning in a washing machine
Kane digitally controlled heating pad (temperature control within +/- 1 degree F)
G-floor protective covering for improved traction
Govee Wi-Fi thermometer for real-time temperature monitoring with phone alerts
Govee Bluetooth wireless thermometer for warming box
IP camera for 24/7 puppy cam access
Redmon digital dog scale for monitoring pregnancy weight and older puppies
Puppy scale for neonatal weight tracking
Warming box with a heating pad and soft bedding for neonates
EverFlo Oxygen Concentrator (emergency supplemental oxygen for neonatal hypoxia)
FXW adjustable playpen (configurable from 4 ft x 6 ft at 3.5 weeks to 6 ft x 12 ft at 8 weeks)
MDF Stethoscope for monitoring puppy and dam vitals
Hemostats for clamping umbilical cords if necessary
Whelping Supplies:
Breeder’s Edge Oral Cal Plus (calcium supplement for whelping support)
Vanilla ice cream (for the dam’s energy during labor and a treat for myself during long waits)
Argyle DeLee mucus trap (superior to a bulb syringe for clearing airways)
25-gauge acupuncture needles for GV26 stimulation if breathing assistance is required
GERMA Decolorized Iodine Tincture 2% for umbilical cord care
Wax-free dental floss to securely tie off umbilical cords
Disposable absorbent pads (at least 18) for a cleaner whelping process
Exam gloves for hygiene and safety
Hand towels (minimum of 12 clean, absorbent towels)
Chlorhexidine disinfectant for sterilization before three weeks of age
Postnatal Puppy Supplies:
Oxy Momma supplements for postnatal recovery and milk production
PetAg Esbilac Puppy Milk Replacer (essential backup in case supplemental feeding is needed and for making gruel during weaning)
Feeding bottles for neonates
8-fr feeding tubes for emergency tube feeding
Individual slow-feed puppy bowls to ensure fair food distribution
KennelSol disinfectant for cleaning after three weeks
Cotton balls for gentle cleaning of puppies
Baby shampoo for first puppy baths
By day 63, I prepare for a sleepless night. Most puppies are born at night—a behavior rooted in a survival instinct to avoid predators. The whelping process requires vigilance, patience, and readiness to intervene if necessary.
I believe in extensive preparation, continuous learning, and an unwavering commitment to the health and well-being of my dogs and their puppies. The four months leading up to whelping are filled with anticipation, ensuring that every new litter is given the best possible start in life. With careful planning and attention to detail, I set the foundation for healthy, thriving puppies who will become cherished companions and skilled hunting partners.
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